Antonio Joli (1700-1777) was an Italian painter.
本頁有以下小節
延期 \(m\)年之終身壽險係指保單契約約定被保險人若於 \(m\)年末仍生存時,則當被保險人在 \(m\)年之後身故時,保險公司需給付 \(1\)元保險金,給付方式可分為身故當年末給付或即刻給付兩種。
\begin{equation}{\label{a}}\tag{A}\mbox{}\end{equation}
躉繳純保費.
若採用身故當年末給付保險金方式,躉繳純保費即為被保險人之保險金給付現值 \({}_{m|}A_{x}\),由基本型人壽保險金頁之(33)式及(34)式,其計算式為
\begin{align}
{}_{m|}A_{x} & ={}_{m}E_{x}\cdot A_{x+m}={}_{m}E_{x}\cdot\left (1-d\cdot\ddot{a}_{x+m}\right )
={}_{m}E_{x}-d\cdot {}_{m}E_{x}\cdot\ddot{a}_{x+m}\nonumber\\
& ={}_{m}E_{x}-d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}\mbox{。}\label{eq281}\tag{1}
\end{align}
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故即刻給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則躉繳純保費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{m|}A_{x}\)。
若採用身故即刻給付保險金方式,則躉繳純保費即為 \({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}\),其計算式如(\ref{eq280})式所示,這裡將推出另一近似計算式。假設將一年分成 \(h\)期,若被保險人身故時,保險公司需在當期末給付保險金 \(1\)元。被保險人之總給付現值以符號 \({}_{m|}A_{x}^{(h)}\)表示且
\[{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}=\lim_{h\rightarrow\infty}{}_{m|}A_{x}^{(h)}\mbox{。}\]
假設每期給付 \(1/h\)元年金,依據基本型人壽保險金頁之(8)式及(16)式,可知
\[{}_{m|}A_{x}^{(h)}=\frac{v^{m}\cdot l_{x+m}}{l_{x}}\cdot A_{x+m}^{(h)}
=\frac{v^{x+m}\cdot l_{x+m}}{v^{x}\cdot l_{x}}\cdot A_{x+m}^{(h)}
=\frac{D_{x+m}}{D_{x}}\cdot A_{x+m}^{(h)}={}_{m}E_{x}\cdot A_{x+m}^{(h)}\mbox{,}\]
依據終身壽險保費頁之(5)式,則可得近似計算式為
\begin{align*}
{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x} & =\lim_{h\rightarrow\infty}{}_{m|}A_{x}^{(h)}
={}_{m}E_{x}\cdot\lim_{h\rightarrow\infty}A_{x+m}^{(h)}\\
& ={}_{m}E_{x}\cdot\left (1-\delta\cdot\bar{\ddot{a}}_{x+m}\right )
= {}_{m}E_{x}\cdot\left [1-\delta\cdot\left (\ddot{a}_{x+m}-\frac{1}{2}\right )\right ]\mbox{ (依據終身壽險保費頁之(5)式)}\\
& ={}_{m}E_{x}\cdot\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )-\delta\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}\mbox{。}
\end{align*}
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故即刻給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則躉繳純保費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}\)。
\begin{equation}{\label{b}}\tag{B}\mbox{}\end{equation}
年繳純保費.
可分為年末給付與即刻給付保險金方式。另外,又可分為延期 \(z\)年繳費且繳費至終身與延期 \(z\)年繳費且繳費期間為 \(q\)年,其中 \(z\leq m\)。
年末給付.
採用身故當年末給付保險金方式,
延期繳費且繳費至終身.
現年 \(x\)歲的被保險人,假設延期 \(z\)年繳費且繳費至終身,則其年繳純保費以符號 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x}\)表示之,若 \(z=0\),則簡單表為 \({}_{m|}P_{x}\)。若 \(z+t\)年後仍然生存時,其年繳純保費 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x}\)之現值為
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x}\cdot v^{z+t}\cdot {}_{z+t}p_{x}={}_{m,z|}P_{x}\cdot {}_{z+t}E_{x}\mbox{。}\]
因此保費收入現值為
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x}\cdot {}_{z}E_{x}+{}_{m,z|}P_{x}\cdot {}_{z+1}E_{x}
+{}_{m,z|}P_{x}\cdot {}_{z+2}E_{x}+\cdots +{}_{m,z|}P_{x}\cdot {}_{\omega -x}E_{x}
={}_{m,z|}P_{x}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}\mbox{。}\]
依據收支平衡原則,可得
\begin{equation}{\label{eq197}}\tag{2}
{}_{m,z|}P_{x}\cdot{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}={}_{m|}A_{x}\mbox{,}
\end{equation}
所以其年繳純保費為
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x}=\frac{{}_{m|}A_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
=\frac{M_{x+m}/D_{x}}{N_{x+z}/D_{x}}=\frac{M_{x+m}}{N_{x+z}}\mbox{,}\]
因此可得
\begin{align}
{}_{m,z|}P_{x} & =\frac{M_{x+m}}{N_{x+z}}=\frac{v\cdot N_{x+m}-N_{x+m}+D_{x+m}}{N_{x+z}}
=\frac{-d\cdot N_{x+m}+D_{x+m}}{D_{x}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\cdot\left (-d\cdot\frac{N_{x+m}}{D_{x}}
+\frac{D_{x+m}}{D_{x}}\right )=\frac{{}_{m}E_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
-d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\mbox{。}\label{eq212}\tag{3}
\end{align}
依據基本型人壽保險金頁之(33)式,可得
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x}=\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\cdot\left (
{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}-d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}\right )
=\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\]
及
\[{}_{m|}P_{x}=\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}{\ddot{a}_{x}}\mbox{。}\]
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則年繳保險費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}\)元。
延期繳費且繳費期間為q年.
假設延期 \(z\)年繳費且繳費期間非終身而是 \(q\)年,其年繳純保費以符號 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\)表示之,若 \(z=0\),則簡單表為 \({}_{m|}P_{x,q}\)。則保費收入現值為
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\cdot {}_{z}E_{x}+{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\cdot {}_{z+1}E_{x}
+{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\cdot {}_{z+2}E_{x}+\cdots +{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\cdot {}_{z+q-1}E_{x}
={}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}\mbox{。}\]
依據收支平衡原則,因此可得
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}={}_{m|}A_{x}\mbox{,}\]
所以其年繳純保費為
\begin{align}
{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q} & =\frac{{}_{m|}A_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
=\frac{M_{x+m}/D_{x}}{(N_{x+z}-N_{x+z+q})/D_{x}}=\frac{M_{x+m}}{N_{x+z}-N_{x+z+q}}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{-d\cdot N_{x+m}+D_{x+m}}{D_{x}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
=\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot\left ({}_{m}E_{x}-d\cdot\frac{N_{x+m}}{D_{x}}\right )\label{eq430}\tag{4}\\
& =\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot\left ({}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}-d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}\right )
=\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\label{eq470}\tag{5}
\end{align}
及
\[{}_{m|}P_{x,q}=\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}{\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\mbox{。}\]
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則年繳純保費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\)元。
即刻給付.
採用身故即刻給付保險金方式。
延期繳費且繳費至終身.
假設被保險人延期 \(z\)年繳費且繳費至終身,則其年繳純保費以符號 \({}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)表示之,若 \(z=0\),則簡單表為 \(P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)。依據收支平衡原則,可得
\[{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}={}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}\mbox{。}\]
因此可解得
\begin{align}
{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}) & =\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
=\frac{\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot{}_{m}E_{x}-\delta\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}=
\frac{{}_{m}E_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\cdot\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )
-\delta\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\nonumber\\
& =\left ({}_{m,z|}P_{x}+d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )\cdot\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )
-\delta\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\mbox{。}\label{eq462}\tag{6}
\end{align}
依據基本型人壽保險金頁之(33)式,可得
\begin{equation}{\label{eq488}}\tag{7}
{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\cdot\left [
\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}\right ]
\end{equation}
及
\[P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{1}{\ddot{a}_{x}}\cdot\left [\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}\right ]\mbox{。}\]
另外可得
\[{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
=\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{m|}A_{x}}\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}A_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
=\left (\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{m|}A_{x}}\right )\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}\mbox{。}\]
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則年繳純保費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)元。
延期繳費且繳費期間為q年.
假設延期 \(z\)年繳費且繳費期間為 \(q\)年,則其年繳純保費以符號 \({}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)表示之。
依據收支平衡原則,可得
\[{}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}={}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}\mbox{。}\]
因此可解得
\begin{align}
{}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}) & =\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
=\frac{\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot{}_{m}E_{x}-\delta\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\left [\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}\right ]\label{eq464}\tag{8}
\end{align}
及
\[P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{1}{\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\left [\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}\right ]\mbox{。}\]
另外可得
\[{}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
=\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{m|}A_{x}}\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}A_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
=\left (\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{m|}A_{x}}\right )\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\mbox{。}\]
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則年繳純保費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)元。
\begin{equation}{\label{c}}\tag{C}\mbox{}\end{equation}
真實保險費.
假設將每年分成 \(h\)期,可分為年末給付與即刻給付保險金方式。又可分為延期 \(z\)年繳費且繳費至終身與延期 \(z\)年繳費且繳費期間為 \(q\)年,其中 \(z\leq m\)。
年末給付.
採用身故當年末給付保險金方式。
延期繳費且繳費至終身.
假設現年 \(x\)歲的被保險人延期 \(z\)年繳費且繳費至終身,則其真實保險費以符號 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)}\)表示。若 \(z=0\),則簡單表為 \({}_{m|}P_{x}^{(h)}\)。因此每期應繳納之保費為 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)}/h\)。依據收支平衡原則,可得
\begin{equation}{\label{eq280}}\tag{9}
{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}^{(h)}={}_{m|}A_{x}\mbox{,}
\end{equation}
依據基本型生存年金頁之(27)式,可解得其真實保險費為
\begin{align}
{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)} & =\frac{{}_{m|}A_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}^{(h)}}
=\frac{{}_{m|}A_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{z}E_{x}\cdot\frac{h-1}{2h}}\mbox{ (依據基本型生存年金頁之(27)式)}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}-
{}_{z}E_{x}\cdot\frac{h-1}{2h}}\mbox{ (依據(\ref{eq197})式)}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}}{1-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\cdot {}_{z}E_{x}}
=\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}}{1-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\left ({}_{m,z|}P_{x}+d\cdot
\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )}\mbox{ (依據(\ref{eq212})式)}\mbox{。}\label{eq441}\tag{10}
\end{align}
又可寫為
\begin{align}
{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)} & ={}_{m,z}P_{x}+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)}
\cdot\frac{{}_{z}E_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\label {eq282}\tag{11}\\
& ={}_{m,z}P_{x}+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)}\cdot\frac{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{z|}a_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
={}_{m,z}P_{x}+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)}\cdot
\left (1-\frac{{}_{z|}a_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )\nonumber
\end{align}
由上式可以明顯看出與年繳保費 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x}\)比較將會產生
\[\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)}\cdot\left (1-\frac{{}_{z|}a_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )\mbox{元}\]
之差額。另外,亦可得
\begin{align*}
{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)} & =\frac{{}_{m|}A_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}^{(h)}}=\frac{{}_{m|}E_{x}-d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{z}E_{x}\cdot\frac{h-1}{2h}}=\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}-d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\left ({}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{z|}a_{x}\right )}\\
& =\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}
{\frac{h+1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}a_{x}}\mbox{。}
\end{align*}
及
\[{}_{m|}P_{x}^{(h)}=\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}
{\frac{h+1}{2h}\cdot\ddot{a}_{x}+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot a_{x}}\mbox{。}\]
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則真實保險費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)}\)元。
延期繳費且繳費期間為q年.
假設延期 \(z\)年繳費且繳費期間為 \(q\)年,則其真實保險費以符號 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}\)表示。若 \(z=0\),則簡單表為 \({}_{m|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}\)。因此每期應繳納之保費為 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}/h\)。依據收支平衡原則,可得
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}^{(h)}={}_{m|}A_{x}\mbox{,}\]
依據基本型生存年金頁之(35)式,可解得其真實保險費為
\begin{align}
{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)} & =\frac{{}_{m|}A_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}^{(h)}}
=\frac{{}_{m|}A_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{h-1}{2h}
\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )}\mbox{ (依據基本型生存年金頁之(35)式)}\label{eq432}\tag{12}\\
& =\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{h-1}{2h}
\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}}{1-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )}\label{eq443}\tag{13}
\end{align}
又可寫為
\begin{equation}{\label{eq436}}\tag{14}
{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}={}_{m}P_{x,q}+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}
\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )
\mbox{。}
\end{equation}
由上式可以明顯看出與年繳保費 \({}_{m}P_{x,q}\)比較將會產生
\[\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )\mbox{元}\]
之差額。另外,由(\ref{eq432})式,可得
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}=\frac{{}_{m|}A_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )}=\frac{{}_{m}E_{x}-d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{h-1}{2h}
\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )}\]
及
\[{}_{m|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}=\frac{{}_{m}E_{x}-d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
{\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\left (1-{}_{q}E_{x}\right )}\mbox{。}\]
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則真實保險費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}\)元。
即刻給付.
採用身故即刻給付保險金方式。
延期繳費且繳費至終身.
假設被保險人延期 \(z\)年繳費且繳費至終身,則其真實保險費以符號 \({}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)表示之。若 \(z=0\),則簡單表為 \(P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)。因此每期應繳納之保費為 \({}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})/h\)。依據收支平衡原則,可得
\[{}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}^{(h)}={}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}\mbox{。}\]
因此可解得
\begin{align}
{}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})& =\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}^{(h)}}
=\frac{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}\cdot {}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z}E_{x}}=\frac{{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}
{1-\frac{h-1}{2h}\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\cdot {}_{z}E_{x}}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\frac{h-1}{2h}
\cdot\left ({}_{m,z|}P_{x}+d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )}\label {eq460}\tag{15}\mbox{。}
\end{align}
亦可寫為
\begin{align*}
{}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}) & ={}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot
{}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot\frac{{}_{z}E_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\\
& ={}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot{}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot
\left (1-\frac{{}_{z|}a_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )\mbox{。}
\end{align*}
由上式可以明顯看出與年繳保費 \({}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)比較將會產生
\[\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot
\left (1-\frac{{}_{z|}a_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )\mbox{元}\]
之差額。另外,可得
\begin{equation}{\label{eq445}}\tag{16}
{}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}^{(h)}}
=\frac{\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m}E_{x}-\delta\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z}E_{x}}
=\frac{\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}}
{\frac{h+1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}a_{x}}
\end{equation}
及
\[P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}}{\frac{h+1}{2h}\cdot\ddot{a}_{x}+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot a_{x}}\mbox{。}\]
亦可得
\[{}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}^{(h)}}
=\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{m|}A_{x}}\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}A_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}^{(h)}}
=\left (\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{m|}A_{x}}\right )\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)}\mbox{。}\]
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則真實保險費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)元。
延期繳費且繳費期間為q年.
假設被保險人延期 \(z\)年繳費且繳費期間為 \(q\)年,則其真實保險費以符號 \({}_{z|}P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)表示之。若 \(z=0\),則簡單表為 \(P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)。因此每期應繳納之保費為 \({}_{z|}P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})/h\)。依據收支平衡原則,可得
\[{}_{z|}P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}^{(h)}={}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}\mbox{。}\]
因此,參考(\ref{eq443})式之推導方式,可解得
\begin{equation}{\label{eq463}}\tag{17}
{}_{z|}P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}^{(h)}}
=\frac{{}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot
\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )}\mbox{。}
\end{equation}
亦可寫為
\[{}_{z|}P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})={}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})
+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot
\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )\mbox{。}\]
由上式可以明顯看出與年繳保費 \({}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)比較將會產生
\[\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot
\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )\mbox{元}\]
之差額。另外,可得
\[{}_{z|}P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}^{(h)}}
=\frac{\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m}E_{x}-\delta\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )}\]
及
\[P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m}E_{x}
-\delta\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\left (1-{}_{q}E_{x}\right )}\mbox{。}\]
亦可得
\[{}_{z|}P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}^{(h)}}
=\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{m|}A_{x}}\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}A_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}^{(h)}}
=\left (\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{m|}A_{x}}\right )\cdot {}_{z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}\mbox{。}\]
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則真實保險費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{z|}P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)元。
\begin{equation}{\label{d}}\tag{D}\mbox{}\end{equation}
年賦保險費.
假設將每年分成 \(h\)期,可分為年末給付與即刻給付保險金方式。又可分為延期 \(z\)年繳費且繳費至終身與延期$z$年繳費且繳費期間為 \(q\)年,其中 \(z\leq m\)。
年末給付.
採用身故當年末給付保險金方式。
延期繳費且繳費至終身.
假設現年 \(x\)歲的被保險人延期 \(z\)年繳費且繳費至終身,則其年賦保險費以符號 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{[h]}\)表示。若 \(z=0\),則簡單表為 \({}_{m|}P_{x}^{[h]}\)。每期繳納保費為 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{[h]}/h\)。依據之前類似論點,當被保險人在保單契約有效期間身故時,保險公司所給付之保險金淨額為
\[1-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{[h]}\mbox{,}\]
而其現值為
\[{}_{m|}A_{x}\cdot\left (1-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{[h]}\right )\mbox{。}\]
根據收支平衡原則,可得
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{[h]}\cdot{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}^{(h)}={}_{m|}A_{x}\cdot\left (1-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot
{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{[h]}\right )\mbox{。}\]
因此,可解得
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{[h]}=\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)}}{1+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)}}\mbox{。}\]
令 \(\zeta =\frac{h-1}{2h}\),根據(\ref{eq441})式,可得
\begin{align*}
{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{[h]} & =\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)}}{1+\zeta\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)}}
=\frac{\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}}{1-\zeta\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
\cdot {}_{z}E_{x}}}{1+\zeta\cdot\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}}{1-\zeta\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\cdot {}_{z}E_{x}}}
=\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}}{1-\zeta\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\cdot {}_{z}E_{x}+\zeta\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}}\\
& =\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}}{1-\zeta\cdot\left (\frac{{}_{z}E_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
-\frac{{}_{z}E_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}+d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )}
=\frac{\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}}
{1-\zeta\cdot d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}}=\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}
{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot d\cdot{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
\end{align*}
及
\[{}_{m|}P_{x}^{[h]}=\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}
{\ddot{a}_{x}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot d\cdot{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\mbox{。}\]
亦可寫成
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{[h]}={}_{m,z|}P_{x}+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{[h]}
\cdot d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\mbox{。}\]
由上式可以明顯看出與年繳保費 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x}\)比較將會產生
\[\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{[h]}\cdot d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\mbox{元}\]
的差額。假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則年賦保險費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{[h]}\)元。
延期繳費且繳費期間為q年.
若繳費期間為 \(q\)年,則其年賦保險費以符號 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{[h]}\)表示。若 \(z=0\),則簡單表為 \({}_{m|}P_{x,q}^{[h]}\)。每期繳納保費為 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{[h]}/h\)。則其年賦保險費以符號 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{[h]}\)表示。根據收支平衡原則,可得
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{[h]}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}^{(h)}
={}_{m|}A_{x}\cdot\left (1-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{[h]}\right )\mbox{。}\]
因此,可解得
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{[h]}=\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}}{1+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}}\mbox{。}\]
令 \(\zeta =\frac{h-1}{2h}\),根據(\ref{eq443})式,可得
\begin{align}
{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{[h]} & =\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}}{1+\zeta\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}}
=\frac{\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\zeta
\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )}}
{1+\zeta\cdot \frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\zeta
\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )}}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\zeta\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )
+\zeta\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}}{1-\zeta\cdot\left [\frac{1}{{}_{z}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot
\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )-{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\right ]}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}}{1-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}-v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}+{}_{m|}a_{x}\right )}\label{eq489}\tag{18}\mbox{。}
\end{align}
又可寫為
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{[h]}={}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{[h]}
\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}
-v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}+{}_{m|}a_{x}\right )\mbox{。}\]
由上式可以明顯看出與年繳保費 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\)比較將會產生
\[\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{[h]}\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}-v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}+{}_{m|}a_{x}\right )\mbox{元}\]
的差額。另外,根據(\ref{eq489})式,亦可得
\begin{align*}
{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{[h]} & =\frac{\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{z}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}}{1-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot
\frac{1}{{}_{z}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}-v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}+{}_{m|}a_{x}\right )}\\
& =\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}
{{}_{z}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}-v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}+{}_{m|}a_{x}\right )}
\end{align*}
及
\[{}_{m|}P_{x,q}^{[h]}=\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}
{\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\left (1-{}_{q}E_{x}
-v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}+{}_{m|}a_{x}\right )}\mbox{。}\]
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則年賦保險費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{[h]}\)元。
即刻給付.
採用身故即刻給付保險金方式。
延期繳費且繳費至終身.
假設現年 \(x\)歲的被保險人延期 \(z\)年繳費且繳費至終身,則其年賦保險費以符號 \({}_{z|}P^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)表示之。若 \(z=0\),則簡單表為 \(P^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)。每期繳納保費為 \({}_{z|}P^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})/h\)。依據推導終身壽險保費頁之(24)式之相同論點,可得
\[{}_{z|}P^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}^{(h)}
={}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}\cdot\left (1-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}P^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\right )\mbox{。}\]
因此可解得
\[{}_{z|}P^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{{}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1+\frac{h-1}{2h}
\cdot {}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}\mbox{。}\]
令 \(\zeta =\frac{h-1}{2h}\),根據(\ref{eq460})式,可得
\begin{align}
{}_{z|}P^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}) & =\frac{{}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1+\zeta
\cdot {}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}=\frac{\frac{{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\zeta\cdot\left ({}_{m,z|}P_{x}
+d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )}}
{1+\zeta\cdot \frac{{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\zeta\cdot\left ({}_{m,z|}P_{x}
+d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )}}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\zeta\cdot ({}_{m,z|}P_{x}
+d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}})+\zeta\cdot {}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\zeta\cdot\left ({}_{m,z|}P_{x}
+d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}-{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\right )}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\zeta\cdot
\left ({}_{m,z|}P_{x}+d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
-({}_{m,z|}P_{x}+d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}})\cdot\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )
+\delta\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )}\mbox{ (根據(\ref{eq462})式)}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\zeta\cdot\left (
\delta\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}-\frac{\delta}{2}
\cdot\frac{{}_{m}E_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )}\mbox{ (根據(\ref{eq212})式)}\label{eq466}\tag{19}\\
& =\frac{\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\cdot\left [\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}\right ]}{1-\zeta\cdot\left (
\delta\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}-\frac{\delta}{2}
\cdot\frac{{}_{m}E_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )}\mbox{ (根據(\ref{eq488})式)}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}}
{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\zeta\cdot\delta\cdot\left ({}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\frac{1}{2}\cdot {}_{m}E_{x}\right )}\nonumber
\end{align}
及
\[P^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}}
{\ddot{a}_{x}-\zeta\cdot\delta\cdot\left ({}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\frac{1}{2}\cdot {}_{m}E_{x}\right )}\mbox{。}\]
由(\ref{eq466})式,亦可寫成
\[{}_{z|}P^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})={}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot
{}_{z|}P^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot\frac{\delta}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\cdot\left (
{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\frac{1}{2}\cdot{}_{m}E_{x}\right )\mbox{。}\]
由上式可以明顯看出與年繳保費 \({}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)比較將會產生
\[\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}P^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot\frac{\delta}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\cdot\left (
{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\frac{1}{2}\cdot{}_{m}E_{x}\right )\mbox{元}\]
的差額。假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則真實保險費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{z|}P^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)元。
延期繳費且繳費期間為q年.
若繳費期間為 \(q\)年,則其年賦保險費以符號 \({}_{z|}P_{q}^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)表示之。若 \(z=0\),則簡單表為 \(P_{q}^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)。每期繳納保費為 \({}_{z|}P_{q}^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})/h\)。依據推導終身壽險保費頁之(24)式之相同論點,可得
\[{}_{z|}P_{q}^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}^{(h)}
={}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}\cdot\left (1-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}P_{q}^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\right )\mbox{。}\]
因此可解得
\[{}_{z|}P_{q}^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{{}_{z|}P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}
{1+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}\mbox{。}\]
令 \(\zeta =\frac{h-1}{2h}\),由(\ref{eq463})式,可得
\begin{align}
{}_{z|}P_{q}^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}) & =\frac{{}_{z|}P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}
{1+\zeta\cdot {}_{z|}P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}
=\frac{\frac{{}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\zeta\cdot
\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )}}{1+\zeta\cdot\frac{{}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\zeta\cdot\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )}}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\zeta\cdot
\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )+\zeta\cdot {}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot
{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\zeta\cdot\left [{}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}-\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
+\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}\right ]}\mbox{ (根據(\ref{eq464})式)}\label{eq465}\tag{20}\\
& =\frac{{}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\zeta\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot
\left [{}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}-\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
+\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}\right ]}\mbox{。}\nonumber
\end{align}
亦可寫成
\begin{align*}
{}_{z|}P_{q}^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}) & ={}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\\
& \quad +\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}P_{q}^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot
\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot\left [{}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}
-\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
+\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}\right ]\mbox{。}
\end{align*}
由上式可以明顯看出與年繳保費 \({}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)比較將會產生
\[\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}P_{q}^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot
\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot\left [{}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}
-\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}+\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}\right ]\mbox{元}\]
的差額。由(\ref{eq465})式,亦可得
\[{}_{z|}P_{q}^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\zeta\cdot\left [{}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}
-\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}+\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}\right ]}\]
及
\[P_{q}^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}}{\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\zeta\cdot\left [1-{}_{q|}E_{x}
-\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}+\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}\right ]}\mbox{。}\]
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則真實保險費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{z|}P_{q}^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)元。
\begin{equation}{\label{e}}\tag{E}\mbox{}\end{equation}
比例分攤保險費.
假設將每年分成 \(h\)期,可分為年末給付與即刻給付保險金方式。又可分為延期 \(z\)年繳費且繳費至終身與延期$z$年繳費且繳費期間為 \(q\)年,其中 \(z\leq m\)。
年末給付.
採用身故當年末給付保險金方式。
延期繳費且繳費至終身.
假設現年 \(x\)歲的被保險人延期 \(z\)年繳費且繳費至終身,則其比例分攤保險費以號 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{\{h\}}\)表示。若 \(z=0\),則簡單表為 \({}_{m|}P_{x}^{\{h\}}\)。因此每期應繳納保費為 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{\{h\}}/h\)。依據之前類似論點,當被保險人在保單契約有效期間身故時,保險公司真正所給付之保險金平均為
\[1+\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{\{h\}}}{2h}\mbox{,}\]
其現值為
\[{}_{m|}A_{x}\cdot\left (1+\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{\{h\}}}{2h}\right )\mbox{。}\]
根據收支平衡原則,則可得
\begin{equation}{\label{eq290}}\tag{21}
{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{\{h\}}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}^{(h)}={}_{m|}A_{x}\cdot\left (
1+\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{\{h\}}}{2h}\right )\mbox{。}
\end{equation}
所以
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{\{h\}}=\frac{A_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}^{(h)}}
\cdot\left (1+\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{\{h\}}}{2h}\right )=
{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)}\cdot\left (1+\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{\{h\}}}{2h}\right )\]
因此可解得
\begin{equation}{\label{eq468}}\tag{22}
{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{\{h\}}=\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)}}{1-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)}}\mbox{。}
\end{equation}
令 \(\zeta =\frac{h-1}{2h}\),根據(\ref{eq468})及(\ref{eq441})式,可得
\begin{align}
{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{\{h\}} & =\frac{\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}}{1-\zeta\cdot\left ({}_{m,z|}P_{x}
+d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )}}
{1-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}}{1-\zeta\cdot\left ({}_{m,z|}P_{x}
+d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )}}
=\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}}{1-\zeta\cdot\left ({}_{m,z|}P_{x}
+d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}}{1-\zeta\cdot d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
-\left (\zeta +\frac{1}{2h}\right )\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x}}{1-\zeta\cdot d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}-\left (\zeta +\frac{1}{2h}\right )\cdot
\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}}\label{eq469}\tag{23}\\
& =\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left (v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}\right )}\nonumber
\end{align}
及
\[{}_{m|}P_{x}^{\{h\}}=\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}
{\ddot{a}_{x}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left (v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}\right )}
\mbox{。}\]
由(\ref{eq469})式,亦可寫成
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{\{h\}}={}_{m,z|}P_{x}+\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{\{h\}}\cdot
\left [\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\frac{1}{2}
\cdot\left (v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}\right )\right ]\mbox{。}\]
由上式可以明顯看出與年繳保費 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x}\)比較將會產生
\[\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{\{h\}}\cdot
\left [\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\frac{1}{2}
\cdot\left (v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}\right )\right ]\mbox{元}\]
的差額。假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則比例分攤保險費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{1\{h\}}\)元。
延期繳費且繳費期間為q年.
假設繳費期間為 \(q\)年,則其比例分攤保險費以符號 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{\{h\}}\)表示之。若 \(z=0\),則簡單表為 \({}_{m|}P_{x,q}^{\{h\}}\)。每期繳納保費為 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{\{h\}}/h\)。依據相同之推導論點,可得
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{\{h\}}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}^{(h)}
={}_{m|}A_{x}\cdot\left (1+\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{\{h\}}}{2h}\right )\mbox{,}\]
所以
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{\{h\}}=\frac{A_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}^{(h)}}\cdot
\left (1+\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{\{h\}}}{2h}\right )
={}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}\cdot\left (1+\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{\{h\}}}{2h}\right )\]
因此可解得
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{\{h\}}=\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}}{1-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}}\mbox{。}\]
令 \(\zeta =\frac{h-1}{2h}\),由(\ref{eq443})式,亦可得
\begin{align}
{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{\{h\}} & =\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}}{1-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}}
=\frac{\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\zeta\cdot
\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )}}
{1-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\zeta\cdot\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )}}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\zeta\cdot
\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\zeta\cdot
\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot \left (v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}
\right )}\mbox{ (根據(\ref{eq470})式)}\label{eq471}\tag{24}\\
& =\frac{{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}}{1-\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot\left [\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot
\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot \left (v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}
\right )\right ]}\mbox{。}\nonumber
\end{align}
亦可寫成
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{\{h\}}={}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}+{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{\{h\}}\cdot
\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot\left [\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot
\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot
\left (v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}\right )\right ]\mbox{。}\]
由上式可以明顯看出與年繳保費 \({}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}\)比較將會產生
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{\{h\}}\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot\left [
\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot
\left (v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}\right )\right ]\mbox{元}\]
的差額。另外,由(\ref{eq471})式,亦可得
\[{}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{\{h\}}=\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}
{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )
-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot \left (v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}\right )}\]
及
\[{}_{m|}P_{x,q}^{\{h\}}=\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}
{\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\left (1-{}_{q|}E_{x}\right )
-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot \left (v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}\right )}\mbox{。}\]
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則年賦保險費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{\{h\}}\)元。
即刻給付.
採用身故即刻給付保險金方式。
延期繳費且繳費至終身.
假設現年 \(x\)歲的被保險人延期 \(z\)年繳費且繳費至終身,則其比例分攤保險費以符號 \({}_{z|}P^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)表示之。若 \(z=0\),則簡單表為 \(P^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)。每期繳納保費為 \({}_{z|}P^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})/h\)。依據收支平衡原則,可得
\[{}_{z|}P^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}^{(h)}={}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}\cdot\left (
1+\frac{{}_{z|}P^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{2h}\right )\mbox{,}\]
所以
\[{}_{z|}P^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}^{(h)}}
\cdot\left (1+\frac{{}_{z|}P^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{2h}\right )={}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot
\left (1+\frac{{}_{z|}P^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{2h}\right )\mbox{。}\]
令 \(\zeta =\frac{h-1}{2h}\),由(\ref{eq460})式,可解得
\begin{align}
{}_{z|}P^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}) & =\frac{{}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\frac{1}{2h}
\cdot {}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}=\frac{\frac{{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\zeta\cdot\left ({}_{m,z|}P_{x}+
d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )}}{1-\frac{1}{2h}
\cdot\frac{{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\zeta\cdot\left ({}_{m,z|}P_{x}+
d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )}}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\zeta\cdot\left ({}_{m,z|}P_{x}
+d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )
-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\zeta\cdot\left ({}_{m,z|}P_{x}
+d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot \left [({}_{m,z|}P_{x}
+d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}})\cdot\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )
-\delta\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right ]}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2h}\right )\cdot\left ({}_{m,z|}P_{x}
+d\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )
-\frac{\delta}{2h}\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\frac{1}{2}\cdot
\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2h}\right )\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}E_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
-\frac{\delta}{2h}\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}}\mbox{ (依據(\ref{eq212})式)}\label{eq490}\tag{25}\mbox{。}
\end{align}
亦可寫成
\[{}_{z|}P^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=
{}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})+{}_{z|}P^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot\left [\frac{1}{2}\cdot
\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2h}\right )\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}E_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
-\frac{\delta}{2h}\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right ]\mbox{。}\]
由上式可以明顯看出,若採用身故即刻給付保險金方式,其與年繳保費 \({}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)比較將會產生
\[{}_{z|}P^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot\left [\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2h}\right )\cdot
\left (1-\frac{{}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )-\frac{\delta}{2h}\right ]\mbox{元}\]
之差額。另外,由(\ref{eq490})及(\ref{eq488})式,亦可得
\[{}_{z|}P^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}}{1-\frac{1}{2}\cdot
\left ({}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}+\frac{\delta}{2h}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}E_{x}-\frac{\delta}{2h}\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\]
及
\[P^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}}{1-\frac{1}{2}\cdot
\left (\ddot{a}_{x}+\frac{\delta}{2h}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}E_{x}-\frac{\delta}{2h}\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\mbox{。}\]
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則真實保險費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot P^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)元。
延期繳費且繳費期間為q年.
假設繳費期間為 \(q\)年,則其年賦保險費以符號 \({}_{z|}P_{q}^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)表示之。若 \(z=0\),則簡單表為 \(P_{q}^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)。依據收支平衡原則,可得
\[{}_{z|}P_{q}^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}^{(h)}
={}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}\cdot\left (1+\frac{{}_{z|}P_{q}^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{2h}\right )\mbox{,}\]
所以
\[{}_{z|}P_{q}^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}^{(h)}}\cdot
\left (1+\frac{{}_{z|}P_{q}^{\{h\}}(\bar{\bar{A}}_{x})}{2h}\right )
={}_{z|}P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot\left (1+\frac{{}_{z|}P_{q}^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{2h}\right )\]
令 \(\zeta =\frac{h-1}{2h}\),由(\ref{eq463})式,可解得
\begin{align}
{}_{z|}P_{q}^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}) & =\frac{{}_{z|}P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\frac{1}{2h}
\cdot {}_{z|}P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}=\frac{\frac{{}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\zeta\cdot\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )}}
{1-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot\frac{{}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot
{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\zeta\cdot\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )}}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-
\zeta\cdot\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )
-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})
-\zeta\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )}\nonumber\\
& =\frac{{}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\left [
\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}\right ]
-\zeta\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )}\label{eq491}\tag{26}\mbox{。}
\end{align}
亦可寫成
\begin{align*}
{}_{z|}P_{q}^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}) & ={}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})+{}_{z|}P_{q}^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot\\
& \quad \frac{1}{2h}\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\left [
\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}
+(h-1)\cdot\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )\right ]\mbox{。}
\end{align*}
由上式可以明顯看出,若採用身故即刻給付保險金方式,其與年繳保費 \({}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)比較將會產生
\[{}_{z|}P_{q}^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot\frac{1}{2h}\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\left [
\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}
+(h-1)\cdot\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )\right ]\mbox{元}\]
之差額。另外,由(\ref{eq491})式,亦可得
\[{}_{z|}P_{q}^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot\left [
\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}\right ]
-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )}\]
及
\[P_{q}^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}}{\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot\left [
\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}\right ]
-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\left ({}_{z|}E_{x}-{}_{z+q|}E_{x}\right )}\]
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則年賦保險費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{z|}P_{q}^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)元。
\begin{equation}{\label{f}}\tag{F}\mbox{}\end{equation}
連續繳費.
考慮$h$趨近於無窮大。可分為年末給付與即刻給付保險金方式。
年末給付.
採用身故當年末給付保險金方式,可分為繳費至終身與繳費期間為 \(q\)年。
繳費至終身.
假設繳費至終身,其保險費以符號 \({}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x}\)表示。依據收支平衡原則,可得
\begin{equation}{\label{eq283}}\tag{27}
{}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x}\cdot{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x}={}_{m|}A_{x}\mbox{,}
\end{equation}
其中 \({}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x}\)定義於(\ref{eq281})式,因此可解得
\[{}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x}=\frac{{}_{m|}A_{x}}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x}}=\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}\cdot {}_{m|}P_{x}}
{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\frac{1}{2}\cdot {}_{m}E_{x}}=\frac{{}_{m|}P_{x}}{1-\frac{1}{2}\cdot ({}_{m|}P_{x}+d)}
\mbox{。}\]
又可推得
\begin{equation}{\label{eq435}}\tag{28}
{}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x}={}_{m|}P_{x}+\frac{1}{2}\cdot{}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x}\cdot ({}_{m|}P_{x}+d)\mbox{。}
\end{equation}
上式亦可由另一觀點得知。因為
\[{}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x}=\lim_{h\rightarrow\infty}{}_{m|}P_{x}^{(h)}\mbox{,}\]
依據(\ref{eq282})式,可得
\[{}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x}=\lim_{h\rightarrow\infty}{}_{m|}P_{x}^{(h)}={}_{m|}P_{x}+
\lim_{h\rightarrow\infty}\left [\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m|}P_{x}^{(h)}\cdot ({}_{m|}P_{x}+d)\right ]\mbox{,}\]
上式經計算後即可得(\ref{eq435})式。另外,可得
\[{}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x}=\frac{{}_{m|}A_{x}}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x}}
=\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}-d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\frac{1}{2}\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}}\mbox{。}\]
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則真實保險費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x}\)元。
繳費期間為q年.
若繳費期間為 \(q\)年,則其保險費以符號 \({}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x,q}\)表示。依據利息與確定年金頁之(35)式(\ref{eq213})式,定義
\begin{align*}
{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x:q\!\rceil} & =\lim_{h\rightarrow\infty}{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}^{(h)}
=\lim_{h\rightarrow\infty}\left [{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\left ({}_{m}E_{x}-{}_{m+q}E_{x}\right )\right ]\\
& ={}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left ({}_{m}E_{x}-{}_{m+q}E_{x}\right )\mbox{。}
\end{align*}
依據收支平衡原則,可得
\[{}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x}\cdot {}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}={}_{m|}A_{x}\mbox{。}\]
因此,參考(\ref{eq443})式,可解得
\[{}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x,q}=\frac{{}_{m|}A_{x}}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
=\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}\cdot {}_{m|}P_{x,q}}
{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left ({}_{m}E_{x}-{}_{m+q}E_{x}\right )}
=\frac{{}_{m|}P_{x,q}}{1-\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left ({}_{m|}P_{x,q}
+d\cdot{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\frac{{}_{m+q}E_{x}}{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\right )}\mbox{。}\]
又可推得
\begin{equation}{\label{eq437}}\tag{29}
{}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x,q}={}_{m|}P_{x,q}+\frac{1}{2}\cdot{}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x,q}\cdot
\left ({}_{m|}P_{x,q}+d\cdot{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\frac{{}_{m+q}E_{x}}{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\right )\mbox{。}
\end{equation}
上式亦可由另一觀點得知。依據(\ref{eq436})式,可得
\begin{align*}
{}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x,q} & =\lim_{h\rightarrow\infty}{}_{m|}P_{x}^{(h)}\\
& =\lim_{h\rightarrow\infty}\left [{}_{m}P_{x,q}+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot
{}_{m|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}\cdot\left ({}_{m|}P_{x,q}+d\cdot{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\frac{{}_{m+q}E_{x}}{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\right )\right ]\mbox{,}
\end{align*}
上式經計算後即可得(\ref{eq437})式。另外,可得
\[{}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x,q}=\frac{{}_{m|}A_{x}}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
=\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}-d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left ({}_{m}E_{x}-{}_{m+q}E_{x}\right )}
=\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}-d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left ({}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}
-{}_{m+q|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}\right )}\mbox{。}\]
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則真實保險費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot {}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x,q}\)元。
即刻給付.
採用身故即刻給付保險金方式,可分為繳費至終身與繳費期間為 \(q\)年。
繳費至終身.
假設繳費至終身,其保險費以符號 \(\bar{P}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)表示。依據收支平衡原則,可得
\[\bar{P}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x}={}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}\mbox{。}\]
因此可解得
\begin{align*}
\bar{P}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}) & =\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x}}
=\frac{{}_{m}E_{x}\cdot\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )-\delta\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x}}\\
& =\frac{{}_{m}E_{x}-\delta\cdot\left ({}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\frac{1}{2}\cdot {}_{m}E_{x}\right )}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x}}
=\frac{{}_{m}E_{x}-\delta\cdot {}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x}}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x}}\\
& =\frac{{}_{m|}E_{x}}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x}}-\delta =\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x}}-\delta\mbox{。}
\end{align*}
另外可得
\[\bar{P}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x}}
=\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{m|}A_{x}}\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}A_{x}}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x}}=
\left (\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{m|}A_{x}}\right )\cdot{}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x}\mbox{。}\]
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則年繳純保費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot\bar{P}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)元。
繳費期間為q年.
若繳費期間為 \(q\)年,則其保險費以符號 \(\bar{P}_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)表示。依據收支平衡原則,可得
\[\bar{P}_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}={}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}\mbox{。}\]
因此可解得
\[\bar{P}_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
=\frac{{}_{m}E_{x}-\delta\cdot {}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x}}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
=\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}-\delta\cdot {}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x}}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\mbox{。}\]
另外可得
\[\bar{P}_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
=\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{m|}A_{x}}\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}A_{x}}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}=
\left (\frac{{}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}}{{}_{m|}A_{x}}\right )\cdot{}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x,q}\mbox{。}\]
假設保險公司需於被保險人身故當年末給付 \(\Lambda\)元保險金,則年繳純保費應為 \(\Lambda\cdot\bar{P}_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\)元。
\begin{equation}{\label{g}}\tag{G}\mbox{}\end{equation}
比較表.
將上述之結果歸納如下。
繳費至終身.
假設被保險人繳費至終身,則其躉繳保險費、年繳保險費及連續保險費之計算公式歸納如下表。
\[\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}\hline
\mbox{保費類別} & \mbox{年末給付} & \mbox{即刻給付}\\ \hline
&& \\
\mbox{躉繳保險費} & {}_{m|}A_{x}={}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}-d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
& {\displaystyle {}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x}={}_{m|}E_{x}\cdot\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )-\delta\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\\
&&\\ \hline
&&\\
\mbox{年繳保險費} & {\displaystyle {}_{m,z|}P_{x}=\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}}
& {\displaystyle {}_{z|}P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\left [
\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}\right ]}\\
&&\\ \hline
&&\\
\mbox{連續保險費} & {\displaystyle {}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x}=\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}-d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\frac{1}{2}\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}}}
& {\displaystyle \bar{P}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x}}-\delta}\\
&&\\ \hline
\end{array}\]
假設將每年分成 \(h\)期,則有三類分期保險費,包括真實保險費、年賦保險費及比例分攤保險費,其計算公式歸納如下表。
\[\begin{array}{|c|c|}\hline
\mbox{繳費方式} & \mbox{真實保險費}\\ \hline
&\\
& {\displaystyle {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)}=\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}
{\frac{h+1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}a_{x}}}\\
\mbox{年末給付} &\\
& \mbox{與年繳保險費${}_{m,z|}P_{x}$之差額為}\\
& {\displaystyle \frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x}^{(h)}\cdot\left (1-\frac{{}_{z|}a_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )}\\
&\\ \hline
&\\
& {\displaystyle {}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}}{\frac{h+1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}a_{x}}}\\
\mbox{即刻給付} &\\
& \mbox{與年繳保險費$P({}_{m,z|}\bar{A}_{x})$之差額為}\\
& {\displaystyle \frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot\left (1-\frac{{}_{z|}a_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )}\\
&\\ \hline
\end{array}\]
\[\begin{array}{|c|c|}\hline
\mbox{繳費方式} & \mbox{年賦保險費}\\ \hline
&\\
& {\displaystyle {}_{m|}P_{x}^{[h]}=\frac{1-d-\frac{{}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}}{1-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot d}}\\
\mbox{年末給付} &\\
& \mbox{與年繳保險費${}_{m|}P_{x}$之差額為}\\
& {\displaystyle \frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m|}P_{x}^{[h]}\cdot d}\\
&\\ \hline
&\\
& {\displaystyle P^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{1-\frac{\delta}{2}-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )
\cdot\frac{{}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}}{1-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot
\frac{\delta}{2}\cdot\left (1+\frac{{}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )}}\\
\mbox{即刻給付} &\\
& \mbox{與年繳保險費$P({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})$之差額為}\\
& {\displaystyle \frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot P^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})
\cdot\frac{\delta}{2}\cdot\left (1+\frac{{}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )}\\
&\\ \hline
\end{array}\]
\[\begin{array}{|c|c|}\hline
\mbox{繳費方式} & \mbox{比例分攤保險費}\\ \hline
&\\
& {\displaystyle {}_{m|}P_{x}^{\{h\}}=\frac{2\cdot\left (1-d-\frac{{}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )}
{1+\frac{d}{h}+\frac{{}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}}}\\
\mbox{年末給付} &\\
& \mbox{與年繳保險費${}_{m|}P_{x}$之差額為}\\
& {\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}\cdot {}_{m|}P_{x}^{\{h\}}\cdot\left (1-\frac{d}{h}-\frac{{}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )}\\
&\\ \hline
&\\
& {\displaystyle P^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}\cdot\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )
-\delta\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2h}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}-\frac{h-1}{2h}}}\\
\mbox{即刻給付} &\\
& \mbox{與年繳保險費$P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})$之差額為}\\
& {\displaystyle P^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot\left [\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2h}\right )\cdot
\left (1-\frac{{}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}\right )-\frac{\delta}{2h}\right ]}\\
&\\ \hline
\end{array}\]
繳費期間為q年.
假設被保險人繳費期間為 \(q\)年而非終身,則其躉繳保險費、年繳保險費及連續保險費之計算公式歸納如下表。
\[\begin{array}{|c|c|}\hline
\mbox{繳費方式} & \mbox{年繳保險費}\\ \hline
&\\
年末給付 & {\displaystyle {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}=\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}}\\
&\\ \hline
&\\
\mbox{即刻給付} & {\displaystyle {}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\left [
\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}\right ]}\\
&\\ \hline\hline
\mbox{繳費方式} & \mbox{連續保險費}\\ \hline
&\\
\mbox{年末給付} & {\displaystyle {}_{m|}\bar{P}_{x,q}=\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}-d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left ({}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}-{}_{m+q|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}\right )}}\\
&\\ \hline
&\\
\mbox{即刻給付} & {\displaystyle \bar{P}_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})
=\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}-\delta\cdot {}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x}}{{}_{m|}\bar{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}}\\
&\\ \hline
\end{array}\]
假設將每年分成 \(h\)期,則有三類分期保險費,包括真實保險費、年賦保險費及比例分攤保險費,其計算公式歸納如下表。
\[\begin{array}{|c|c|}\hline
\mbox{繳費方式} & \mbox{真實保險費}\\ \hline
&\\
& {\displaystyle {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}=\frac{{}_{m}E_{x}-d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )}}\\
\mbox{年末給付} &\\
& \mbox{與年繳保險費${}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}$之差額為}\\
& {\displaystyle \frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m,z|}P_{x,q}^{(h)}\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )}\\
&\\ \hline
&\\
& {\displaystyle {}_{z|}P^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m}E_{x}
-\delta\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )}}\\
\mbox{即刻給付} &\\
& \mbox{與年繳保險費${}_{z|}P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})$之差額為}\\
& {\displaystyle \frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{z|}P_{q}^{(h)}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot
\frac{1}{{}_{z|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot\left ({}_{z}E_{x}-{}_{z+q}E_{x}\right )}\\
&\\ \hline
\end{array}\]
\[\begin{array}{|c|c|}\hline
\mbox{繳費方式} & \mbox{年賦保險費}\\ \hline
&\\
& {\displaystyle {}_{m|}P_{x,q}^{[h]}=\frac{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}-d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}
{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\left ({}_{m+q|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}-d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}\right )}}\\
\mbox{年末給付} &\\
& \mbox{與年繳保險費${}_{m|}P_{x,q}$之差額為}\\
& {\displaystyle \frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m|}P_{x,q}^{[h]}\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{m}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
\cdot\left (d\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m+q|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}\right )}\\
&\\ \hline
&\\
& {\displaystyle P^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}
-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}}{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot\left [\frac{\delta}{2}
\cdot\left ({}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}+{}_{m|}a_{x}\right )-{}_{m+q|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}\right ]}}\\
\mbox{即刻給付} &\\
& \mbox{與年繳保險費$P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})$之差額為}\\
& {\displaystyle \frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot P_{q}^{[h]}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot\left [\frac{\delta}{2}\cdot\left ({}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}+{}_{m|}a_{x}\right )-{}_{m+q|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}\right ]}\\
&\\ \hline
\end{array}\]
\[\begin{array}{|c|c|}\hline
\mbox{繳費方式} & \mbox{比例分攤保險費}\\ \hline
&\\
& {\displaystyle {}_{m|}P_{x,q}^{\{h\}}=\frac{v\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-{}_{m|}a_{x}}
{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}-\frac{1}{2}\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}
+\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot {}_{m+q|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}+\frac{d}{2h}\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}}}\\
\mbox{年末給付} &\\
& \mbox{與年繳保險費${}_{m|}P_{x,q}$之差額為}\\
& {\displaystyle {}_{m|}P_{x,q}^{\{h\}}\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}
\cdot\left [\frac{1}{2}\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}-\frac{h-1}{2h}\cdot
{}_{m+q|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}-\frac{d}{2h}\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}\right ]}\\
&\\ \hline
&\\
& {\displaystyle P^{\{h\}}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})=\frac{P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})}{1-\frac{1}{2h}\cdot P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})
-\zeta\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\cdot\left ({}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}-{}_{m+q|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}\right )}}\\
\mbox{即刻給付} &\\
& \mbox{與年繳保險費$P_{q}({}_{m|}\bar{A}_{x})$之差額為}\\
& {\displaystyle \frac{1}{2h}\cdot\frac{1}{{}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:q\!\rceil}}\left [
\left (1-\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x}-\left (1+\frac{\delta}{2}\right )\cdot {}_{m|}a_{x}
+(h-1)\cdot\left ({}_{m|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}-{}_{m+q|}\ddot{a}_{x:1\!\rceil}\right )\right ]}\\
&\\ \hline
\end{array}\]


